Objective To investigate on mosquito species of underground garage, and to make a preliminary research on the reason and tendency of them. Methods Gathered the mosquito larva from different kinds of underground garage in December of 2013 to November of 2014, then made some specimens of male mosquito genitalia after they were reared to adults. Results Culex pipiens molestus were the only species in the closed and small underground garage. Culex pipiens molestus accounted for 54.09%(119/220) of the Cx. pipiens complex in the closed and large underground garage, while Cx. pipiens pallens accounted for 27.27%(60/220). Culex pipiens pallens accounted for 54.23%(141/260) of the Cx. pipiens complex in the half-closed underground garage, while Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 35.77%(93/260). Conclusion Shanghai is located in the area with both Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, and it's complicated of mosquito species. It's necessary to monitor tightly in order to control the mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Objective To evaluate the automatic electrostatic adsorption mosquito monitoring lamp (hereinafter referred to as electrostatic mosquito lamp) in mosquito monitoring, and to provide a reference for scientific and standard investigation and surveillance of mosquitoes. Methods Choose all 13 towns of Jiading district, for a period of 5 years, using electrostatic mosquito lamp to monitor mosquito populations at the same time, choose 1 place to compare electrostatic mosquito lamp and suction trap as function of mosquito density, species, seasonal trend. Results The electrostatic mosquito lamp using 253.7 nm UV spectrum, the attraction rate is better on the local mosquitoes, compare with the suction type mosquito lamp (wavelength 360 nm), the number of captured mosquitos by electrostatic mosquito light trap mosquitoes was 2.12 times higher than those by suction type mosquito lamp; and the attractive effect was better especially on Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis, the specimen was intact, and less attractive to other insects, Electrostatic mosquito lamp automatically monitors for 6 h, the average density was 71.93% higher than monitoring all night of 12 h (t=-2.837, P=0.016). Conclusion Electrostatic mosquito lamp has a new breakthrough in wavelength, time monitoring, automatic performance, use in the rains, specimen anesthesia, minimized specimen damage, which comply with the "Regulations of national vector surveillance program" requirements. This tool is useful in mosquito fauna survey, epidemiological investigation and others.

Objective To monitor the species composition and seasonality of calyptrate flies in four types of habitats in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, and to provide a scientific strategy for fly control. Methods Cage traps were set up in the following four types of habitats: large-scale greenbelts (parks), greenbelts around restaurants, residential areas, and farm produce markets. Results A total of 1588 flies, belonging to 5 families, 25 genera, and 39 species, were captured from 2010 to 2013. The predominant strains were Muscina stabulans, Lucilia sericata, Aldrichina grahami, Anothomyia illocata, Chrysomya megacephala, and Muscina angustifrons. The seasonality showed peaks in June and September and the lowest population density in 2010. In the four types of habitats, the large-scale greenbelts showed the highest population diversity: 32 species, and the highest density was found in the farm produce markets with an average of 4.70 flies/cage·day. Conclusion The populations of calyptrate flies are abundant in habitats of Yangpu district, Shanghai. The predominant populations such as M. stabulans, L. sericata, and A. grahami should be the focus of fly control. Primary control measures should be taken in farm produce markets, and in June and September as the key time points for the prevention and control of fly-transmitted diseases.

Objective To monitor the species composition and seasonality of calyptrate flies in four types of habitats in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, and to provide a scientific strategy for fly control. Methods Cage traps were set up in the following four types of habitats: large-scale greenbelts (parks), greenbelts around restaurants, residential areas, and farm produce markets. Results A total of 1588 flies, belonging to 5 families, 25 genera, and 39 species, were captured from 2010 to 2013. The predominant strains were Muscina stabulans, Lucilia sericata, Aldrichina grahami, Anothomyia illocata, Chrysomya megacephala, and Muscina angustifrons. The seasonality showed peaks in June and September and the lowest population density in 2010. In the four types of habitats, the large-scale greenbelts showed the highest population diversity: 32 species, and the highest density was found in the farm produce markets with an average of 4.70 flies/cage·day. Conclusion The populations of calyptrate flies are abundant in habitats of Yangpu district, Shanghai. The predominant populations such as M. stabulans, L. sericata, and A. grahami should be the focus of fly control. Primary control measures should be taken in farm produce markets, and in June and September as the key time points for the prevention and control of fly-transmitted diseases.

Objective To investigate the population composition and seasonal dynamics of Calyptrate flies in Yangpu district, Shanghai. Methods The cage trap and butterfly nets Methods were used to capture the flies. Results Sixty-six species (4 families, 41 genus) were collected in the area from March, 2006 to December, 2009. The dominant species was Chrysomya megacephala, accounting for 76.67%. The flies first appeared in March and gradually disappeared in December. Two peaks of the population were observed in August and November and the highest density was in November. Conclusion The fly population was abundant in this district with Ch. megacephala as the dominant species that should be properly managed. Dichaetomyia corrugicerca and Phallosphaera gravelyi were newly recorded species. Specific control measures should be implemented in August and November when fly activities reached their peak.

Objective To compare the black box method with the labor hour method in terms of their differences in the surveillance of mosquito density and explore the possibility of substituting black box method for the labor hour method for the surveillance. Methods The differences between the black box method and the labor hour method in terms of their performance in the surveillance of mosquito density and species were compared based on the data from three independent surveillance sites, with the correlation of the two Methods in the surveillance of the species composition ratio, sex ratio and seasonal fluctuation trends examined. Results The Results showed that the density of mosquito by black box method was 1.51 mosquitoes per site, lower than that by labor hour method (3.13 mosquito per box), with a significant difference between them (t＝4.985, P＝0.0025). In terms of the seasonal fluctuation tendency of mosquitoes, similar findings from the two Methods were obtained with good correlation and significant statistical difference (r＝0.8833, P＝0.0084). It was found that the density of female mosquitoes by the labor hour method was 1.88 mosquitoes per site, higher than that by black box method (0.50 mosquito per box) with a significant difference between them (t＝5.043, P＝0.0023). There was no correlation between the fluctuation curves of the two methods(r＝0.4812, P＝0.2743). The species and composition of mosquitoes were also different with the two different methods. The main species collected by the black box method was Culex pipiens pallens(90.6%), followed by Cx.tritaeniorhynchus(4.1%), Aedes albopictus (2.4%) and Armigeres subalbatus(2.9%), with no Anopheles sinensis found. As far as the labor hour method was concerned, Cx. pipiens pallens(42.8%) and Ar. subalbatus (40.3%) were the main species collected, with Cx. tritaeriorhynchus, Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis accounting for 11.7%, 4.7% and 0.5% respectively. In addition, there was a different sex ratio of the mosquitoes collected with the two different methods, with the number of male mosquitoes larger than that of female ones in the surveillance with the black box method, and the opposite being true for the labor hour method. The quantity of female mosquitoes collected by the black box method was close to that by labor hour method, but there was a statistically significant difference (χ²＝146.18, P＜0.001). The quantity of male mosquitoes collected by the black box method was larger than that by the labor hour method with a statistically significant difference (χ²＝513.01, P＜0.0001). Conclusion The black box method, capable of capturing more female than male mosqitoes, is applicable to the surveillance of a variety of mosquito species , but the regularity and standard operating procedure (SOP) of the method as a surveillance tool remains to be studied.

【Abstract】 A specimen of Dichaetomyia corrugicerca ♂ was collected from Shanghai Jiangwan airport on October 2006. It was a new record in Shanghai area. The morphological characters of this species were described, and some simple statements were also given about the typical characteristics, larvae morphology, biology and distribution of the genus.

Objective To evaluate the control effect of the measures that breeding management combinating with culture propagation to dengue fever vector— Aedes albopictus in residential area, and to explore possibility of this measure popularization. Methods During May-October, clean out water in the containers at two times per weeks intervals and to inspect sewer and rainwater well at ten-days intervals in test area, and at the same time strengthen the culture propagation of mosquito control. However, take the common control methods in control area. To evaluate the effect with container index, breeding positive rate and adult density captured by man-bait and man-hour methods in test area. Results (1) The breeding positive rate of test area (5.56%) was lower than the control area (16.81%) during June-September. (2) There was significant difference between the breeding positive rate of outside environmental in test area (4.74%) and that of the control area (14.85%)( u=4.503, P<0.01). (3) The adult density captured by man-bait method was 0.60, 1.33 and 0.50 mosquito per 30 min from July to September in test area respectively, which was lower than 7.83, 7.67 and 5.00 mosquitoes of the control areas. (4) The adult density captured by man-hour was 1.80 mosquitoes per hour in test area, and the control was 5.80 mosquitoes. (5) The control cost was 0.08 Yuan per square meter in test area, but it was only 0.05 Yuan in control area. Conclusion To control efficiently breeding and adult density of A.albopictus in residential area by the methods that breeding control combinating with culture propagate. The control cost was within the acceptance of resident committee and property department, and so it could be popularized in the future.

Objective To study the application techniques of two monitoring methods for Aedes albopictus in the filed.Methods Put the mosq-ovitrap and ovitrap containing straw liquid or dechlorinated water at the households,hospitals,schools and park of 3 city zones and 1 suburb selected,and then observe the larval positive rates at different heights and different times from June to October of 2006.As the same time,investigate the larval indices such as HI,CI,BI around the surroundings of those places.Results(1) The larval indices of the ovitrap and mosq-ovitrap were 43.16% and 27.98% respectively,and there was significant difference between them( χ ²=13.73, P≤0.01).MDI value of mosqovitrap was 1.79-1.38 from June to October.(2) On monitoring by the two containers with straw liquid or dechlorinated water,the results showed that MDI,larval density and adult positive rate of the former were obviously higher than those of the latter.The adult positive rate of mosq-ovitrap with straw liquid was 2 times of that with dechlorinated water.(3) The larval index and larval density of two tested container put for 14 days was higher than that for 7 days.(4) Put the mosq-ovitrap and ovitrap on ground,the larval positive rates were 40.00% and 28.12% respectively.And the larval positive rates were 16.67% and 9.38% respectively when put them in the 1 m positionon above the ground.It suggested that the putting height of the containers had more significantly effect on epigamic efficiency(ovitrap χ²=23.74,P≤0.01;mosq-ovitrap χ²=3.70,P≤0.05).(5) The larval positive indices of two the containers have positive correlation with the HI,CI,BI index of traditional monitoring method(mosq-ovitrap r=0.7627,HI r=0.9832;CI r=0.9817;BI r=0.7498;ovitrap r=0.4574;HI r=0.9751;CI r=0.6313;BI r=0.5301).Conclusion The methods of Mosq-ovitrap and ovitrap were effective for the monitoring of larvae of Aedes albopictus.